Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 160 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Martin AH 1988 - - 100 Hz - 24 h magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses
Shams Lahijani M et al. 2007 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body brain and eye development 50 Hz - 24 h continuous magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Kowalczuk CI et al. 1994 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body - 50 Hz - 24 hr/day from 0 to 17 day of gestation. magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Zecca L et al. 1985 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult), whole body - 50 Hz - 3 h/day, 4 weeks magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Bessho K et al. 1995 invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (nematode; different (transgenic) strains), whole body - 60 Hz - 3 min every 6h or 9h, to a total of 9 to 27 min 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Lola Costa EV et al. 2020 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body development of the embryonic body and vascular network of the yolk sac 60 Hz - 3 x 2 hours, with 6-hour intervals in between resulting in a total exposure of 6 h 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Tyndall DA 1993 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - 36 min/day from day 7 to day 14 of gestation static magnetic field, MRI
Chiang H et al. 1995 - - 15.6 kHz - 4 h/day from 6th to 17th day of gestation magnetic field, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency
Tayefi H et al. 2010 animal, rat/ Wistar (embryos and neonatal rats), whole body effects on the heart: myocardial damage (oxidative stress, apoptosis, histological evaluation) 50 Hz - 4 hours/day for 7 days/week (during pregnancy and until postnatal day 20) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Bardasano JL et al. 1986 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 60 Hz - 4 to 5d magnetic field, 50/60 Hz