Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

878 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    309 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    53 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Zusman I et al. 1990 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley and mouse - 1–100 Hz - - electric field, low frequency, signals/pulses
Berman E et al. 1990 - - 100 Hz - 48 h magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses
Rommereim DN et al. 1990 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - intermittent; 19h/day, 7days/week electric field, 50/60 Hz
Kay HH et al. 1988 animal, embryos of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (African clawed frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 64 MHz - - MRI
Heinrichs WL et al. 1988 animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body - 15–400 Hz - continuous for 16 h RF, static magnetic field, MRI, also other exposures without EMF
Maffeo S et al. 1988 - - 100 Hz - - magnetic field, signals/pulses
Portet R et al. 1988 animal, rat/Long-Evans and rabbit, whole body - 50 Hz - continuous for 8 h/day for 4 weeks electric field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Stuchly MA et al. 1988 - - 17.857 kHz - 7 h/day for 15 days before and 22 days after conception magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency
Martin AH 1988 - - 100 Hz - 24 h magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses
Sandström M et al. 1987 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body embryonal development and malformations 20 kHz - continuous for 42 h magnetic field, signals/pulses, PC/TV monitor
Juutilainen J et al. 1987 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 50 Hz - continuous magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Rommereim DN et al. 1987 animal, rat/Charles River, whole body - 60 Hz - 19 h/day electric field, 50/60 Hz
Falugi C et al. 1987 - - 5 kHz - 2 to 4 hrs signals/pulses
Zimmermann B et al. 1987 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body - - - continuous for 18 days static magnetic field, MRI
Sikov MR et al. 1987 animal, swine/Hanford miniatur, whole body malformations, development, weight and size of foetuses, number, weight, size, development and health status of pups 60 Hz - 20 h/day, 7 days/week electric field, 50/60 Hz
Nishikawa U et al. 1986 - - - - - signals/pulses
Juutilainen JP 1986 - - 100 Hz - continuous, during incubation magnetic field, low frequency
Ozil JP et al. 1986 - - - - - signals/pulses, electric current application
Konermann G et al. 1986 animal, mouse/albino - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Bardasano JL et al. 1986 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 60 Hz - 4 to 5d magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Juutilainen J et al. 1986 - - 100 Hz - continuous for 52 hrs magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses
Juutilainen J et al. 1986 - - 1 Hz–100 kHz - 52 hrs magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Rooze M et al. 1985 - - 15 Hz - - electric field, low frequency, signals/pulses
Kubiak JZ et al. 1985 - - - - - electric field, signals/pulses
Cameron IL et al. 1985 animal, Japanese rice fish (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) (embryo), whole body embryogenesis 60 Hz - continuous for 48 h electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line