Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Huuskonen H et al. | 2001 | mouse embryos, mouse/CBA/s | development of mouse embryos | 50 Hz | - | from 8 h after ovulation to blastocyst stage | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Skauli KS et al. | 2000 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>), whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | from 2 h after fertilization until hatching or from 48 h after fertilization until hatching | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Costa EV et al. | 2013 | animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: embryo <i>in ovo</i> | development of blood vessels in the yolk sac | 60 Hz | - | intermittent for 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 h/day for 2 days (see add. information) | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Rommereim DN et al. | 1990 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | intermittent; 19h/day, 7days/week | electric field, 50/60 Hz |
Negishi T et al. | 2002 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) | - | 50 Hz | - | intermittent; 22h/day | 50/60 Hz, magnetic field |
Severini M et al. | 2009 | animal, African clawed frog tadpoles (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>), whole body | tadpole development | 0–50 Hz | - | not reported, probably during the whole development | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Di Carlo AL et al. | 2000 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 55–65 Hz | - | on - off at intervals from 0.1s to 50 s for 20 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Mevissen M et al. | 1994 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure of 24 hrs for 20 days | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Pafkova H et al. | 1994 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs); rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day upto 8 days (total exposure of 70 hrs) | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Chung MK et al. | 2004 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure, 21 h/day from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
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