Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Sakamoto S et al. 1993 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley albino (adults, fetuses and neonatals), whole body - 60 Hz - 1.3 months (1 month prior to mating through lactation period), 3,3 months (3 mo prior to mating through lactation period) 50/60 Hz
Frölen H et al. 1993 animal, mouse/CBA/s, whole body embryogenesis 20 kHz - 12, 14, 18, or 19 days magnetic field, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency
Huuskonen H et al. 1993 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body fetal development/teratogenicity 50 Hz - continuous for 20 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency
Tyndall DA 1993 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - 36 min/day from day 7 to day 14 of gestation static magnetic field, MRI
Piera V et al. 1992 - - - - continuous -
Bellossi A 1992 - - - - repeated exposure, 30 min/day, on 2 non-consecutive days/week, lifelong magnetic field, signals/pulses, therapeutic/medical device
Wiley MJ et al. 1992 - - 20 kHz - - magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, intermediate frequency
Behr KP et al. 1991 animal, chicken embryos, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - - - - RF, static magnetic field, MRI
Koch WE et al. 1991 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 33–50 Hz - 10 times 10 ms, 6 times 1 ms, 26 times 20 ms or 5 times 30 ms magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Tyndall DA et al. 1991 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - 64 MHz - continuous for 36 min. on gestational day 7 RF, static magnetic field, MRI