Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 160 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Pais-Roldan P et al. 2016 animal, zebrafish embryos and larvae - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Kantarcioglu E et al. 2018 animal, chicken/Super Nick (egg) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Nakagawa H et al. 2018 animal, mexican axolotl (<i>Ambystoma mexicanum</i>) - 10 Hz - - magnetic field, static magnetic field
Liu C et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Kalantar MH et al. 2024 animal, rat/Wistar albino - - - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Okudan B et al. 2006 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body bone mineral content and bone mineral density 50 Hz - continuous for 28 days; from day 7 of gestation to 14 days post delivery electric field, static electric field, 50/60 Hz
Shams Lahijani M et al. 2007 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body brain and eye development 50 Hz - 24 h continuous magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Pawlak K et al. 2013 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body cardiac work and morphometric parameters, level of thyroid hormones 50 Hz - continuous from the first to the last day of incubation (up to 21 days) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Borhani N et al. 2011 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body cell death (DNA fragmentation) in blastocysts, fertility of female mice 50 Hz - continuous for 4 h/day, 6 days/week for 2 weeks magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Costa EV et al. 2013 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: embryo <i>in ovo</i> development of blood vessels in the yolk sac 60 Hz - intermittent for 3, 6, 9, 12 or 24 h/day for 2 days (see add. information) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz