Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Winnicki A et al. | 2004 | animal, fish/pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>) (eggs) | embryonic motorics | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 30 min | magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Tyndall DA et al. | 1991 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> | - | 64 MHz | - | continuous for 36 min. on gestational day 7 | MRI |
Borhani N et al. | 2011 | animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body | cell death (DNA fragmentation) in blastocysts, fertility of female mice | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 4 h/day, 6 days/week for 2 weeks | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Sandström M et al. | 1987 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body | embryonal development and malformations | 20 kHz | - | continuous for 42 h | magnetic field, signals/pulses, PC/TV monitor |
Youbicier-Simo BJ et al. | 1997 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs) and chickens after hatching, whole body | - | 50–80 Hz | - | continuous for 47 days | magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor |
Farrell JM et al. | 1997 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Litovitz TA et al. | 1994 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | magnetic field, signals/pulses |
Cameron IL et al. | 1985 | animal, Japanese rice fish (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>) (embryo), whole body | embryogenesis | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
Leal J et al. | 1982 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs) | - | 100 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | magnetic field, geomagnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz |
Delgado JM et al. | 1982 | - | - | 10–100 Hz | - | continuous for 48 hrs | magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency |
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