Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

881 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    311 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

311 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    151 studies
  2. Low frequency
    117 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    57 studies

Radio frequency 151 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Ciftci ZZ et al. 2015 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), partial body: head development and composition of teeth in young rats 2.45 GHz 9 mW/kg continuous for 2 h/day during gestation (21 days) and up to 21 after birth W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Ait-Aissa S et al. 2013 - - 2.45 GHz - - RF, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Kuybulu AE et al. 2016 - - 2.45 GHz - - mobile communications, RF, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Othman H et al. 2017 - - 2.45 GHz - - 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi
Sambucci M et al. 2010 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, partial body: posterior part pregnancy outcome, spleen cell number, B cell frequency, and antibody levels 2.45–2.473 GHz 4 W/kg continuous for 2 h/day on 14 consecutive days, starting 5 days after mating, ending one day before expected delivery W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Sambucci M et al. 2011 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body immune parameters in the spleen, thymus and in the blood 2.451–2.473 GHz 0.08–4 W/kg continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks, starting with the day after birth W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Laudisi F et al. 2012 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body: <i>in utero</i> pregnancy outcome, number/proliferation of T-cells in thymus and spleen (peripheral T-cells), cytokine production 2,451–2,473 MHz 4 W/kg continuous for 2 h/day on 14 consecutive days (starting 5 days after mating, ending 1 day before expected delivery) RF, W-LAN/WiFi
De Paepe S et al. 2023 - - 5.4 GHz - - RF
Chalfin S et al. 2002 animal, rhesus monkey (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>), partial body: eye effects on eye/ocular examination 35 GHz - 1.5 s to 5 s millimeter waves, PW pulsed wave
Habauzit D et al. 2020 - - 94 GHz - - millimeter waves