Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pelletier A et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | food intake, sleep and thermoregulatory processes | 900 MHz | 0.1–0.3 mW/kg | continuous for 23.5 h/day, 7 days/week for 5 weeks | RF field, CW continuous wave |
Aydin B et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | oxidative stress in organs of the immune system (spleen, thymus, bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma | 900 MHz | 0.28–0.78 W/kg | continuous for 2h/day on 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Shallom JM et al. | 2002 | animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body | heat shock protein production | 30–90 Hz | 1.75–2.5 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | microwaves |
Nam KC et al. | 2006 | human, partial body: head (left side) | different physiological parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, skin resistance) | 835 MHz | 1.6 W/kg | continuous for 30 min | digital mobile phone, CDMA, mobile communications |
Di Carlo A et al. | 2002 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | stress response (HSP70 induction), hypoxia | 60 Hz | 1.7 W/kg | continuous for 30 min or 4 days, or repeated daily exposure for 20, 30 or 60 min, once or twice daily, for 4 days | microwaves, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Celik O et al. | 2004 | human, pregnant females, whole body | fetal heart rate | 800–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 5 min | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Cheever KL et al. | 2001 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | metabolism in maternal animals and embryos (2-Methoxyethanol metabolism, embryonic distribution, and macromolecular adduct formation) | 10 MHz | 0.8 W/kg–6.6 mW/g | continuous for 50 min | RF field |
Hamnerius Y et al. | 1979 | invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, whole body | frequency of induced somatic mutations | 2.45 GHz | 100 W/kg | continuous for 6 h | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Kayabasoglu G et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | effects on the auditory system (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) | 900–1,800 MHz | 0.851–0.934 W/kg | continuous for 6 h/day on 30 days | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Grigoriev YG et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Wistar WI, whole body | teratogenic effects, immunological processes | 2,450 MHz | 0.16–9.9 W/kg | continuous for 7 hr/day, 5 days/week for 30 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
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