Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

867 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    306 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

306 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    148 studies
  2. Low frequency
    113 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    57 studies

Radio frequency 148 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Yan S et al. 2022 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J - 2 GHz - - mobile communications, RF, CW continuous wave
Bhargav H et al. 2017 human - 2,100 MHz - - mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications
Shirai T et al. 2014 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body fertility, development, brain functions and morphology of major organs of rats 2.14 GHz 0.034–0.244 W/g continuous for 20 h/day over 3 generations mobile phone, W-CDMA, mobile communications
Ohtani S et al. 2015 - - 2.14 GHz - - mobile communications, W-CDMA
Krivova NA et al. 2024 animal, rat/Wistar - 2.4 GHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone base station, 5G
Fukui Y et al. 1992 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body mouse brain development 2.45 GHz 480 mW/g 15 or 20 min on day 13 of gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Hamnerius Y et al. 1979 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, whole body frequency of induced somatic mutations 2.45 GHz 100 W/kg continuous for 6 h microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Spiers DE et al. 1987 animal, rat/albino (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>), whole body thermoragulatory responses 2.45 GHz - 4h/day for 10 days microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Gildersleeve RP et al. 1988 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: eggs (<i>in ovo</i>) cell death or injury 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g first 12 days of artifical breeding microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Preskorn SH et al. 1978 animal, mouse/CFW, whole body longevity/survival 2.45 GHz 35 mW/g 20 min/day during days 11 to 14 of gestation and 19 th to 54 th day post-partum microwaves, 2.45 GHz