Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adey WR et al. | 2000 | animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head | CNS tumors | 836.55 MHz | 0.27–1.2 W/kg | continuous for about 25 days, see add. information | mobile communications, mobile phone, microwaves |
Aydin B et al. | 2011 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | oxidative stress in organs of the immune system (spleen, thymus, bone marrow), polymorphonuclear leukocytes and plasma | 900 MHz | 0.28–0.78 W/kg | continuous for 2h/day on 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Machata AM et al. | 2009 | human | - | - | 0.3–3.9 W/kg | - | MRI |
Sekeroglu V et al. | 2012 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | DNA damage (chromosome aberration, micronucleus test), cytotoxicity | 1,800 MHz | 0.37–0.49 W/kg | continuous for two hours/day for 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Atli Sekeroglu Z et al. | 2013 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | DNA damage, cytotoxicity | 900 MHz | 0.37–0.76 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 45 days | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave |
Saran A et al. | 2007 | animal, mouse/<i>Patched1</i> (heterozygous knockout mouse) and wild type, whole body | carcinogenesis and tumor promotion | 900 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | 0.5 h/twice a day for 5 days (from day 2 to day 6 after birth) with a 6 h intervall between exposures | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Mathur R | 2008 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | threshold of pain, nociceptive behavior | 73.5 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | 2 h/day for 45 days | RF field, AM amplitude modulation |
Tillmann T et al. | 2010 | animal, mouse/B6C3F1, whole body | neoplasms and pre-neoplastic lesions and tumour incidences in spleen, kidneys, liver, lung, lymph nodes, and brain | 1,966 MHz | 0.62–5.76 W/kg | continuous for 20 hr/day, 7 days/week for up to 24 months | UMTS, mobile communications |
Lindholm H et al. | 2011 | human, partial body: head (right ear) | head temperature | 902.4 MHz | 0.66–4.3 W/kg | continuous for 15 min | digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Cheever KL et al. | 2001 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | metabolism in maternal animals and embryos (2-Methoxyethanol metabolism, embryonic distribution, and macromolecular adduct formation) | 10 MHz | 0.8 W/kg–6.6 mW/g | continuous for 50 min | RF field |
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