Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

867 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    306 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

306 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    148 studies
  2. Low frequency
    113 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    57 studies

Radio frequency 148 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Saran A et al. 2007 animal, mouse/<i>Patched1</i> (heterozygous knockout mouse) and wild type, whole body carcinogenesis and tumor promotion 900 MHz 0.4 W/kg 0.5 h/twice a day for 5 days (from day 2 to day 6 after birth) with a 6 h intervall between exposures digital mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Gildersleeve RP et al. 1988 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: eggs (<i>in ovo</i>) cell death or injury 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g first 12 days of artifical breeding microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Ferreira AR et al. 2006 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body chromosome damage 834 MHz 1.23 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 8.5 h/day, throughout pregnancy analog mobile phone, mobile communications
Ciftci ZZ et al. 2015 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), partial body: head development and composition of teeth in young rats 2.45 GHz 9 mW/kg continuous for 2 h/day during gestation (21 days) and up to 21 after birth W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Bedir R et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), whole body development of kidneys 900 MHz - continuous for 20 days during pregnancy mobile phone, mobile communications
Nam KC et al. 2006 human, partial body: head (left side) different physiological parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, skin resistance) 835 MHz 1.6 W/kg continuous for 30 min digital mobile phone, CDMA, mobile communications
Hässig M et al. 2009 animal, calf, whole body effects on eye (nuclear cataract; oxidative stress) - - continuous for 1 year mobile communications, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS
Chalfin S et al. 2002 animal, rhesus monkey (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>), partial body: eye effects on eye/ocular examination 35 GHz - 1.5 s to 5 s millimeter waves, PW pulsed wave
Kayabasoglu G et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body effects on the auditory system (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) 900–1,800 MHz 0.851–0.934 W/kg continuous for 6 h/day on 30 days mobile phone, mobile communications
Zareen N et al. 2009 animal, chicken embryos/Desi (eggs), whole body effects on the eye: retinal differentiation 1,800 MHz - 15 min twice daily for up to 15 days mobile phone, mobile communications, RF