Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Other

305 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    147 studies
  2. Low frequency
    113 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    57 studies

Low frequency 113 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Myklatun A et al. 2018 animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) and medaka - 0–1 Hz - - geomagnetic field, magnetic field
Sun Y et al. 2018 invertebrate, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/wild type (strain N2), whole body effects on invertebrates: tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative stress - - circa 48 hours (from egg to the fourth larval stage) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Stankevičiūtė M et al. 2019 invertebrate, animal, rainbow trout eggs/larvae (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>), Baltic clam (<i>Limecola balthica</i>) and common ragworm (<i>Hediste diversicolor</i>), whole body genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in larval rainbow trout, Baltic clam and common ragworm 50 Hz - 12 days (invertebrates) or 40 days (fish larvae) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Zhou J et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, rat calvarial osteoblasts, rat/Sprague Dawley, animal, whole body effects on bone, osteoblasts and underlying signal pathways 50 Hz - <i>in vivo</i>: 90 min/day for 2 months, <i>in vitro</i>: 90 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Campos-Sanchez E et al. 2019 animal, mouse/Sca1‐ETV6‐RUNX1 (model organism for childhood leukemia), whole body development of childhood leukemia in mouse model 50 Hz - 10min/5min on/off cycle for 20 hours/day from conception until 3 months of age magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Vallejo D et al. 2019 animal, mouse/OF1 blood coagulation 50 Hz - from gestation to 31-35 weeks of age magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Selmaoui B et al. 1999 animal, rat/Wistar serum melatonin level and enzyme activities in the pineal gland 50 Hz - 18 hours/day for 1 week magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Fey DP et al. 2020 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (eggs and larvae), whole body inner ear organ asymmetry 0 Hz - up to 36 days 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, static magnetic field, DC
Taormina B et al. 2019 invertebrate, European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>), whole body avoidance/attraction test and a test for exploratory and shelter seeking behavior - - 1 week (unclear whether animals were also exposed during test) (test for exploratory and shelter seeking behavior) and 45 minutes (avoidance/attraction test) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, underground cable
Su L et al. 2020 culture medium - 50 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz