Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

858 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    314 studies
  2. Other
    303 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

303 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    147 studies
  2. Low frequency
    112 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    56 studies

Low frequency 112 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Lupi D et al. 2021 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body disease appearance, mortality, and biochemical alterations in honey bees, behavioral alterations in honey bees 50 Hz - continuously power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, electric field, magnetic field
Zhou J et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts, animal, rat/Wistar - 10–100 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency
Beltrán-Frutos E et al. 2021 - - 4 MHz - - intermediate frequency, therapeutic/medical device
Husheer J et al. 2020 - - 50–400 Hz - - 50/60 Hz, electric current application
Todorović D et al. 2020 invertebrate, nymphs of orange-spotted cockroach (<i>Blaptica dubia</i>) locomotor activity, body fat composition 50 Hz - 5 months static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Gunes S et al. 2020 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body diaphragm ultrastructure, electrophysiological and biochemical changes in diaphragm and blood 50 Hz - 4 hours/day for 7 months magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Su L et al. 2020 culture medium - 50 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Fey DP et al. 2020 animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (eggs and larvae), whole body inner ear organ asymmetry 0 Hz - up to 36 days 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, static magnetic field, DC
Taormina B et al. 2019 invertebrate, European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>), whole body avoidance/attraction test and a test for exploratory and shelter seeking behavior - - 1 week (unclear whether animals were also exposed during test) (test for exploratory and shelter seeking behavior) and 45 minutes (avoidance/attraction test) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, underground cable
Vallejo D et al. 2019 animal, mouse/OF1 blood coagulation 50 Hz - from gestation to 31-35 weeks of age magnetic field, 50/60 Hz