Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zheng F et al. | 2015 | cross-sectional study | children, 9–12 years | October 2011 - May 2012 | China | headache, dizziness, fatigue, feeling low, heart beating fast, sleep disturbances | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Hwang Y et al. | 2016 | cross-sectional study | men, women, children, 14–18 years | 2013 | Korea | eye symptoms: vision blurring, redness, visual disturbance, secretion, inflammation, lacrimation and dryness | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Redmayne M et al. | 2013 | cross-sectional study | children, 10–14 years | June - October 2009 | New Zealand | headache, feeling low, sleeping difficulties, tinnitus | mobile phone, mobile communications, DECT, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, personal |
Wang J et al. | 2017 | meta-analysis | men, women, children, 7–70 years | 1996 - 2014 | China, Denmark, India, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan | headache | mobile phone, mobile communications, analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, NMT, GSM |
Redmayne M et al. | 2016 | cohort study | children, 8–11 years | 2011 | Australia | cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, learning, Stroop test) | mobile phone, mobile communications, cordless phone |
Mortazavi SM et al. | 2011 | cross-sectional study | children, 6–16 years | not stated | Iran | headache, myalgia, palpitation, fatigue, tinnitus, concentration problems, attention problems, nervousness | mobile phone, mobile communications, cordless phone, PC/TV monitor |
Carlberg M et al. | 2016 | - | men, women, children, 0–80 years | 1970 - 2013 | Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Iceland | thyroid cancer | mobile phone, mobile communications, cordless phone, also other exposures without EMF |
Divan HA et al. | 2011 | cohort study | children, 0–7 years | 1996 - 2002, 2008 | Denmark | developmental delays of motor, cognitive, and language milestones | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Sudan M et al. | 2012 | cohort study | children, children in utero, ≥ 7 years | until April 2010 | Denmark | migraine, headaches, headache-related symptoms (stomach aches or sickness) | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Sudan M et al. | 2013 | cohort study | children, 0–7 years | 1996 - 2002 | Denmark | hearing loss | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Kücer N et al. | 2014 | survey | men, women, children, 9–80 years | 2011 | Turkey | headache, vertigo/dizziness, fatigue, forgetfulness, insomnia, tension-anxiety, joint and bone pain, lacrimation of the eyes, hearing loss and tinnitus, insomnia | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Chiu CT et al. | 2015 | cross-sectional study | children, 11–15 years | May 2010 - September 2010 | Taiwan | headaches/migraine and skin itches, insomnia, excess daytime sleepiness | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Zheng F et al. | 2014 | cross-sectional study | men, women, children, 12–20 years | not stated | China | inattention | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Heinrich S et al. | 2010 | cross-sectional study | children, 8–17 years | 2006 - 2008 | Germany | headache, irritation, nervousness, dizziness, fatigue and concentration problems | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal |
Schoeni A et al. | 2015 | cohort study | children, 12–17 years | 2012 - 2014 | Switzerland | memory performance (verbal and figural memory) | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, Radio/TV transmitter |
Roser K et al. | 2016 | cohort study | men, women, children, 12–17 years | 2012 - 2013, follow-up 2014 | Switzerland | behavioral problems (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems and prosocial behavior) and concentration capacity (homogeneity, power and accuracy) | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, Radio/TV transmitter, residential, personal |
Huss A et al. | 2015 | cohort study | children, 6–8 years | 2003 - 2011 | The Netherlands | sleep-onset delay, sleep duration, night wakening, parasomnia, daytime sleepiness | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal |
Guxens M et al. | 2016 | cohort study | children, 5–6 years | 2003 - 2010 | The Netherlands | cognitive function: speed of information processing, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and visuomotor coordination | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal |
Calvente I et al. | 2016 | cohort study | children, 9–11 years | 2000 - 2002, follow-up 2011 - 2012 | Spain | neuropsychological functions (intelligence quotient, verbal expression and comprehension, attention, verbal memory, visual-motor coordination, executive function (e.g., working memory, cognition inhibition, motor inhibition, abstract reasoning), processing speed) and behavioral problems | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, Bluetooth, DECT, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW), AM radio transmitters, SW broadcast (KW), DVB-T, radar, wireless transmitter, intermediate frequency, residential |
Zarei S et al. | 2015 | case-control study | children, children in utero, 3–5 years | 2014 | Iran | speech problems | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, mobile communications, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, PC/TV monitor, other domestic appliance |
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