Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schoeni A et al. | 2017 | cohort study | men, women, children, 12–17 years | 2012 - 2013, follow-up 2013 - 2014 | Switzerland | headache, tiredness, lack of concentration, exhaustibility, lack of energy and physical ill-being | mobile phone, UMTS, GSM, mobile phone base station, mobile communications, cordless phone, Radio/TV transmitter, W-LAN/WiFi, personal, residential |
Srujana Aravinda VS et al. | 2022 | - | children, 4–14 years | not stated | India | cellular changes in buccal mucosa | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Sudan M et al. | 2012 | cohort study | children, children in utero, ≥ 7 years | until April 2010 | Denmark | migraine, headaches, headache-related symptoms (stomach aches or sickness) | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Sudan M et al. | 2013 | cohort study | children, 0–7 years | 1996 - 2002 | Denmark | hearing loss | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Sudan M et al. | 2016 | cohort study | women, children in utero, 7–11 years | 1996 - 2002, follow-up at the age of 7 and 11 years | Denmark | emotional and behavioural difficulties | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Sudan M et al. | 2018 | - | children, children in utero, 4–6 years | - | Denmark, Spain, Korea | cognitive function | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Taziki Balajelini MH et al. | 2022 | - | men, women, children | - | Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Spain und Brazil | hearing impairment | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Thamilselvan S et al. | 2021 | - | men, women, children, 5–50 years | not stated | India | micronuclei in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells | mobile communications, mobile phone base station |
Thomas S et al. | 2010 | cross-sectional study | children, 8–17 years | 2006 - 2008 | Germany | overall behavioural problems (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems) | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, personal |
Thomas S et al. | 2010 | cohort study | children, 12–15 years | 2006 - 2007 | Australia | cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, learning, Stroop test) | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal |
Vrijheid M et al. | 2010 | cohort study | children in utero, one year | July 2004 - July 2006 | Spain | mental and psychomotor development | mobile communications, mobile phone, personal |
Wang J et al. | 2017 | meta-analysis | men, women, children, 7–70 years | 1996 - 2014 | China, Denmark, India, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan | headache | mobile phone, mobile communications, analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, NMT, GSM |
Yamazaki K et al. | 2023 | - | children, 8–14 years | 2003 - 2020 | Japan | conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, peer problems and prosocial behavior | mobile communications, mobile phone base station, mobile phone, W-LAN/WiFi, Radio/TV transmitter, personal, residential |
Zaghloul NM et al. | 2019 | - | men, women, children, 15–64 years | 2018 | Egypt | headache, vision problems, ear problems, musculo-skeletal problems, psychological troubles, social impact, weight changes, sleep disturbances | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Zarei S et al. | 2015 | case-control study | children, children in utero, 3–5 years | 2014 | Iran | speech problems | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, mobile communications, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, PC/TV monitor, other domestic appliance |
Zarei S et al. | 2019 | - | women, children, children in utero, 3–7 years | 2016 | Iran | speech problems | mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, W-LAN/WiFi, cordless phone, power transmission line, PC/TV monitor, also other exposures without EMF |
Zheng F et al. | 2014 | cross-sectional study | men, women, children, 12–20 years | not stated | China | inattention | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Zheng F et al. | 2015 | cross-sectional study | children, 9–12 years | October 2011 - May 2012 | China | headache, dizziness, fatigue, feeling low, heart beating fast, sleep disturbances | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Zvi E et al. | 2020 | cohort study | women, children, children in utero, newborns, 0–6 years | 2011 - 2017 | Israel | neurodevelopment: communication, daily living skills, socialization and motor skills | MRI |
Çöl N et al. | 2021 | - | women, children in utero, 0–5 years | - | Turkey | bedtime resistance, nighttime waking, waking up crying, difficulties in falling asleep, and mean sleep duration at nighttime and day- time | mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, microw. oven/heating device, W-LAN/WiFi, other domestic appliance, residential |
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