Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farashi S et al. | 2022 | meta-analysis | men, women, children, 6–80 years | - | - | headache | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Abramson MJ et al. | 2009 | cross-sectional study | children, 11–14 years | 2005 - 2006 | Australia | cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, simple learning, associative learning, movement monitoring/estimation, Stroop test) | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal |
Thomas S et al. | 2010 | cohort study | children, 12–15 years | 2006 - 2007 | Australia | cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, learning, Stroop test) | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal |
Redmayne M et al. | 2016 | cohort study | children, 8–11 years | 2011 | Australia | cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, learning, Stroop test) | mobile phone, mobile communications, cordless phone |
Bhatt CR et al. | 2017 | cohort study | children, 9–11 years | 2010 - 2012, follow-up 2012 - 2013 | Australia | cognitive function | mobile communications, mobile phone, cordless phone |
Brzozek C et al. | 2019 | reanalysis | children, 9–11 years | 2011 - 2013 | Australia | cognitive function | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Babu MA et al. | 2023 | survey | men, women, children, 1–30 years | - | Bangladesh | health effects (e.g. headache, poor eyesight, mental health, eating habit) | mobile communications, mobile phone, W-LAN/WiFi, laptop/tablet |
Zheng F et al. | 2014 | cross-sectional study | men, women, children, 12–20 years | not stated | China | inattention | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Zheng F et al. | 2015 | cross-sectional study | children, 9–12 years | October 2011 - May 2012 | China | headache, dizziness, fatigue, feeling low, heart beating fast, sleep disturbances | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Wang J et al. | 2017 | meta-analysis | men, women, children, 7–70 years | 1996 - 2014 | China, Denmark, India, Norway, Singapore, Sweden, Taiwan | headache | mobile phone, mobile communications, analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, NMT, GSM |
Preece AW et al. | 2007 | survey | men, women, children | 2001 | Cyprus | all cancer, all childhood cancer, reproductive history, sex ratio, congenital abnormalities, specific illnesses such as diabetes, migraine; childhood illnesses, mortality, general health, risk perception | RF field, residential |
Divan HA et al. | 2008 | cohort study | children, children in utero, 7 years | November 2006 | Denmark | behavioral problems: conduct, hyperactivity, emotional, peer and social disorders | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal |
Divan HA et al. | 2012 | cohort study | children, children in utero, 7 years | December 2008 | Denmark | behavioural problems | mobile communications, mobile phone, personal |
Divan HA et al. | 2011 | cohort study | children, 0–7 years | 1996 - 2002, 2008 | Denmark | developmental delays of motor, cognitive, and language milestones | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Sudan M et al. | 2012 | cohort study | children, children in utero, ≥ 7 years | until April 2010 | Denmark | migraine, headaches, headache-related symptoms (stomach aches or sickness) | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Sudan M et al. | 2013 | cohort study | children, 0–7 years | 1996 - 2002 | Denmark | hearing loss | mobile phone, mobile communications, personal |
Sudan M et al. | 2016 | cohort study | women, children in utero, 7–11 years | 1996 - 2002, follow-up at the age of 7 and 11 years | Denmark | emotional and behavioural difficulties | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Birks L et al. | 2017 | cohort study | children, children in utero, 5–7 years | 1996 - 2011 | Denmark, Netherlands, Korea, Norway, and Spain | overall behavioral problems, hyperactivity/inattention problems and emotional problems | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Sudan M et al. | 2018 | - | children, children in utero, 4–6 years | - | Denmark, Spain, Korea | cognitive function | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Zaghloul NM et al. | 2019 | - | men, women, children, 15–64 years | 2018 | Egypt | headache, vision problems, ear problems, musculo-skeletal problems, psychological troubles, social impact, weight changes, sleep disturbances | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Eger H et al. | 2009 | preliminary study | men, women, children, ≥ 10 years | 2000 - 2007 | Germany | brain tumor, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian carcinoma, melanoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | mobile communications, mobile phone base station, residential |
Thomas S et al. | 2010 | cross-sectional study | children, 8–17 years | 2006 - 2008 | Germany | overall behavioural problems (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems) | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, personal |
Milde-Busch A et al. | 2010 | cross-sectional study | children, 13–17 years | not stated | Germany | headache (migraine, tension-type headache, miscellaneous headache) | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal |
Heinrich S et al. | 2011 | cross-sectional study | children, 8–17 years | 2006 - 2007 | Germany | chronic symptoms over the last 6 months: headache, irritation, nervousness, dizziness, fatigue, and fear, sleep disturbances | mobile phone, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal |
Heinrich S et al. | 2010 | cross-sectional study | children, 8–17 years | 2006 - 2008 | Germany | headache, irritation, nervousness, dizziness, fatigue and concentration problems | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal |
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