Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains review

Endpoint

• epidemiology: epidemiological studies on exposure to mobile phones, occupational exposure in industry and military facility, effects on children, positive effects in humans
• effects on the neurological system: negative and neutral effects in rats, effects on brain morphology in rats and brain activity in rats and humans (EEG), postnatal neurodevelopment in rats
• cognitive/behavioral endpoints: learning and memory and underlying mechanisms: synaptic structures and functions, in vitro studies, in vivo studies in rodents, NMDA receptors, oxidative stress and apoptosis, protein biosynthesis, genes and individual susceptibility, energy metabolism

Exposure

• • 30–300,000 MHz
  • 2.45 GHz
  • microwaves
  • millimeter waves
• • radar
  • Radio/TV transmitter
  • AM radio transmitters
  • mobile communications
  • mobile phone
  • GSM
  • UMTS
• • occupational