The effects of exposure to a 945 MHz (GSM 900), 1840 MHz (GSM 1800) or a 2140 MHz (UMTS) electromagnetic field on physiological changes and cognitive performance in healthy and electrosensitive subjects should be investigated.
A total of 100 non-electrosensitive subjects and 100 electrosensitive subjects (persons who had previously reported complaints and have attributed these to GSM or UMTS exposure) participated in one session. There, they were exposed to 4 conditions: GSM900, GSM1800, UMTS and sham exposure in a counterbalanced, random order. Each condition was divided into three parts which involved pre-exposure, during exposure, and post-exposure.
Exposure | Parameters |
---|---|
Exposure 1:
945 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
not specified
|
|
Exposure 2:
1,840 MHz
Modulation type:
pulsed
Exposure duration:
not specified
|
|
Exposure 3:
2,140 MHz
Exposure duration:
not specified
|
|
Modulation type | pulsed |
---|---|
Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
Additional info |
signal format consisted of eight time slots; each feature consisted of a duration of 546.5 µsec, leading to a total frame duration of 4.372 msec; the guard time between the time slots of 30.5 µsec was inserted into each GSM frame; to simulate the changes in the power level of channels, time slots of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were set to 'on' (transmitted) whereas the time slots of 4, 5, 6, and 7 are chosen to be 'off' |
Exposure source |
|
---|---|
Distance between exposed object and exposure source | 2 m |
Chamber | RF shielded room, lined using microwave absorbing sheets; the room was furnished with a wooden table, a flat-screen monitor, a chair and sofa as well as the base station antenna |
Setup | antenna was placed at 1.5 m from the ground floor |
Sham exposure | A sham exposure was conducted. |
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
electric field strength | 1 V/m | - | - | - | power received by each subject |
power density | 280 W/m² | - | measured | - | over the area in which the subject was positioned |
Modulation type | pulsed |
---|---|
Repetition frequency | 217 Hz |
Additional info |
signal format consisted of eight time slots; each feature consisted of a duration of 546.5 µsec, leading to a total frame duration of 4.372 msec; the guard time between the time slots of 30.5 µsec was inserted into each GSM frame; to simulate the changes in the power level of channels, time slots of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were set to 'on' (transmitted) whereas the time slots of 4, 5, 6, and 7 are chosen to be 'off' |
Exposure source |
|
---|
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
electric field strength | 1 V/m | - | - | - | power received by each subject |
power density | 250 W/m² | - | measured | - | over the area in which the subject was positioned |
Modulation type | cf. additional info |
---|---|
Additional info |
chip rate 3.84 microchips/sec |
Exposure source |
|
---|
Measurand | Value | Type | Method | Mass | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
electric field strength | 1 V/m | - | - | - | power received by each subject |
power density | 380 W/m² | - | measured | - | over the area in which the subject was positioned |
Non-electrosensitive subjects showed a significantly lower heart rate during post-exposure compared to pre-exposure under GSM 900 and GSM 1800 conditions. Under UMTS exposure conditions, both groups, non-electrosensitive and electrosensitive subjects, showed a significant reduction in heart rate during post-exposure compared to pre-exposure.
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