The effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic fields bone growth stimulation in acute fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials review

Endpoint

• morphol./histopathol. changes: bone growth in adult humans, time until bone union, number of nonunions
• treatment/therapy: comparison of pulsed EMF vs pulsed ultrasound treatment

Exposure

• • also other exposures without EMF
• • signals/pulses