Biological Effects and Health Implications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging review

Endpoint

• genotoxicity/mutation
• effects on embryo/fetus: embryonic development
• effects on the cardiovascular system: cardiac stimulation, blood flow, blood coagulation
• effects on the neurological system: nerve stimulation
• thermoregulation: thermal effects
• dosimetry/technology: SAR computational techniques
• guidelines/safety
• effects on eye (phosphenes)
• cellular effects, binding kinetics, projectile effects

Exposure

• • electric field
  • static magnetic field
  • low frequency
  • RF
• • MRI