EMF-Portal | Long-term exposure of young spruce and beech trees to 2450-MHz microwave radiation

Long-term exposure of young spruce and beech trees to 2450-MHz microwave radiation med./bio.

Aim of study (acc. to author)

To investigate the long-term effect of high-intensity microwave radiation on trees.

Endpoint

effects on trees

Exposure

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 2.45 GHz Modulation type: CW Exposure duration: continuous for 3 years and 7 months	power: 600 W power density: 10 mW/cm² minimum (Group 1 = nearest to the EMF source) power density: 30 mW/cm² maximum (Group 1 = nearest to the EMF source) power density: 1 mW/cm² minimum (Group 2 = middle group) power density: 3 mW/cm² maximum (Group 2 = middle group) power density: 0.1 mW/cm² minimum (Group 3 = farest from the EMF source) power density: 0.3 mW/cm² maximum (Group 3 = farest from the EMF source)

Parameters

Exposure 1: 2.45 GHz

Modulation type: CW

Exposure duration: continuous for 3 years and 7 months

power: 600 W
power density: 10 mW/cm² minimum (Group 1 = nearest to the EMF source)
power density: 30 mW/cm² maximum (Group 1 = nearest to the EMF source)
power density: 1 mW/cm² minimum (Group 2 = middle group)
power density: 3 mW/cm² maximum (Group 2 = middle group)
power density: 0.1 mW/cm² minimum (Group 3 = farest from the EMF source)
power density: 0.3 mW/cm² maximum (Group 3 = farest from the EMF source)

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	2.45 GHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Exposure duration	continuous for 3 years and 7 months

Modulation

Modulation type	CW

Exposure setup

Exposure source	horn antenna
Distance between measurement device and exposed object	1 m
Additional info	Trees grown at three different locations A, B and C; A and B were exposed while C was used as control and was shielded by a metal mesh.

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
power	600 W	-	-	-	-
power density	10 mW/cm²	minimum	-	-	Group 1 = nearest to the EMF source
power density	30 mW/cm²	maximum	-	-	Group 1 = nearest to the EMF source
power density	1 mW/cm²	minimum	-	-	Group 2 = middle group
power density	3 mW/cm²	maximum	-	-	Group 2 = middle group
power density	0.1 mW/cm²	minimum	-	-	Group 3 = farest from the EMF source
power density	0.3 mW/cm²	maximum	-	-	Group 3 = farest from the EMF source

Exposed system:

plant
spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.); beech (Fagus silvatica L.)
whole body

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

crown transparency; height growth; vitality; photosynthetic activity; stomatal density; nutrient concentration

Investigated system:

isolated bio./chem. substance
investigation on living organism

Time of investigation:

during exposure
after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

During the exposure period, the microwave radiator caused no visual symptoms of damage. Power flux densities had no effect on crown transparency. Height growth of shoots was not affected. Chlorophyll fluorescence data testified to similar potential photosynthetic activities in beech leaves of all exposure groups. The only effect of microwave exposure was a decrease of calcium and sulfur concentrations in beech leaves with increasing power flux density.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study

Study funded by

not stated/no funding

Jinapang P et al. (2010): Growth characteristics of mung beans and water convolvuluses exposed to 425-MHz electromagnetic fields

Tkalec M et al. (2007): Exposure to radiofrequency radiation induces oxidative stress in duckweed Lemna minor L

Long-term exposure of young spruce and beech trees to 2450-MHz microwave radiation med./bio.

Aim of study (acc. to author)

Endpoint

Exposure

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Modulation

Exposure setup

Parameters

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Study funded by

Related articles