Medical/biological study (experimental study)

Effects of 100 GHz radiation on alkaline phosphatase activity and antigen-antibody interaction med./bio.

By: Homenko A, Kapilevich B, Kornstein R, Firer MA

Published in: Bioelectromagnetics 2009; 30 (3): 167-175

Aim of study (acc. to author)

To study the effect of irradiation in the low frequency THz range (100 GHz) on two defined molecular interactions:
1) The interaction of soluble or immobilized alkaline phosphatase with the substrate p-nitrophenylphosphate and
2) the interaction between an antibody (mouse monoclonal anti-DNP) and its antigen (DNP).

Endpoint

biomolecular interactions: enzyme activity and antigen-antibody-interaction

Exposure

- 100 GHz
- microwaves
- millimeter waves
- TeraHz

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 100 GHz Exposure duration: continuous for 1 h or 2 h exposure of AP	power density: 0.08 W/m² (at the bottom of the microplate)
Exposure 2: 100 GHz Exposure duration: continuous for 1.5 h exposure of antigen and antibody	power density: 0.08 W/m² (at the bottom of the microplate)

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	100 GHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Exposure duration	continuous for 1 h or 2 h
Additional info	exposure of AP

Exposure setup

Exposure source	waveguide
Setup	microplate with enzyme and substrate placed at the end of the waveguide tube inside an incubator

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
power density	0.08 W/m²	-	measured	-	at the bottom of the microplate

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Frequency	100 GHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Exposure duration	continuous for 1.5 h
Additional info	exposure of antigen and antibody

Exposure setup

Exposure source	same setup as exposure 1

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
power density	0.08 W/m²	-	measured	-	at the bottom of the microplate

Exposed system:

isolated bio./chem. substance

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

enzyme activity and enzyme kinetics (of alkaline phosphatase; optical density); antibody-antigen-interaction (of mouse monoclonal anti-DNP and DNP; optical density (ELISA)) and stability of the complex

Investigated system:

isolated bio./chem. substance

Time of investigation:

during exposure
after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Exposure of enzyme either prior to addition of substrate or during the enzymatic reaction resulted in small but significant reductions in enzyme activity. These differences were not found if the enzyme had previously been immobilized onto plastic micro-wells.
Irradiation of immobilized antigen did not influence the ability of the antigen to interact with antibody. However, irradiation appeared to decrease the stability of previously formed antigen-antibody complexes.
The data suggest that 100 GHz exposure can induce small but statistically significant alterations in the characteristics of these two types of biomolecular interactions.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study

Study funded by

Ariel University Center of Samaria, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel, Israel
European Project THz-BRIDGE (Tera-Hertz radiation in Biological Research, Investigations)
European Union (EU)/European Commission
Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources program of European Union

Vojisavljevic V et al. (2010): Review of studies on modulating enzyme activity by low intensity electromagnetic radiation
Fortune JA et al. (2010): Radio frequency radiation causes no nonthermal damage in enzymes and living cells
Herrero MA et al. (2008): Nonthermal microwave effects revisited: on the importance of internal temperature monitoring and agitation in microwave chemistry
George DF et al. (2008): Non-Thermal effects in the microwave induced unfolding of proteins observed by chaperone binding
Pirogova E et al. (2008): Non-thermal effects of 500MHz - 900MHz microwave radiation on enzyme kinetics
Copty AB et al. (2006): Evidence for a specific microwave radiation effect on the green fluorescent protein
Weissenborn R et al. (2005): Non-thermal microwave effects on protein dynamics? An X-ray diffraction study on tetragonal lysozyme crystals
La Cara F et al. (1999): Different effects of microwave energy and conventional heat on the activity of a thermophilic beta-galactosidase from Bacillus acidocaldarius
Porcelli M et al. (1997): Non-thermal effects of microwaves on proteins: thermophilic enzymes as model system

Effects of 100 GHz radiation on alkaline phosphatase activity and antigen-antibody interaction med./bio.

Aim of study (acc. to author)

Endpoint

Exposure

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Exposure setup

Parameters

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Exposure setup

Parameters

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Study funded by

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