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Water heater

Belongs to:
Kitchenware and household appliances
Synonyms:
Water cooker
Description:

A water heater is an electrically driven kitchen device for efficiently boiling water. The heating process is performed either by an exposed heating element in form of a heating coil or a covered heating element in form a stainless steel heating floor. The alternating magnetic field at the fundamental frequency of 50 Hz resp. 60 Hz is caused by the operation of the heating elements. Usually, a heat output of 600 - 3100 W is used; a higher heating output results in both a reduced boiling time and a more efficient boiling process as less power is then transferred to the environment.

Unless otherwise stated, the operating frequency confirms with measured frequency, i.e. the measurement was performed at the operating frequency of the water heater.

Frequency ranges:
  • 50–60 Hz
Type of field:
electric and magnetic

Measurements (acc. to literature)

Measurand Value Feature Remarks
magnetic flux density 0.01 µT (mean, measured) - average value of 49 different electric kettles at a distance of 100 cm; measurement bandwidth: 40 - 800 Hz [1]
magnetic flux density 0.05 µT (mean, measured) - average value of 49 different electric kettles at a distance of 50 cm; measurement bandwidth: 40 - 800 Hz [1]
magnetic flux density 0.07 µT (mean, measured) - average of 6 devices at a distance of 50 cm; measurement bandwidth: 0 - 3000 Hz [2]
magnetic flux density 0.24 µT (mean, measured) - average of 6 devices at a distance of 28 cm; measurement bandwidth: 0 - 3000 Hz [2]
magnetic flux density 0.7 µT (maximum, measured) - at a distance of 80 cm [3]
magnetic flux density 2.82 µT (mean, measured) - average value of 49 different electric kettles at a distance of 5 cm; measurement bandwidth: 40 - 800 Hz [1]
magnetic flux density 4 µT (maximum, measured) - at a distance of 40 cm [3]
magnetic flux density 35 µT (maximum, measured) - directly in front of the device; measurement bandwidth: 0 - 3000 Hz [3]

References

  1. No authors listed (1992): EMF in your Environment: Magnetic Field Measurements of Everyday Electrical Devices
  2. Ainsbury EA et al. (2005): An investigation into the vector ellipticity of extremely low frequency magnetic fields from appliances in UK homes
  3. Farag AS et al. (1998): Electromagnetic fields in the home