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FM radio broadcast

Belongs to:
Radio broadcasting station
Synonyms:
VHF radio broadcast
Description:

FM radio broadcast towers send radio waves in the frequency range between 97.5 - 108 MHz. They are used to transmit radio programms.

Frequency ranges:
  • 87.5–108 MHz (VHF band II)
Type of field:
electromagnetic

Measurements (acc. to literature)

Measurand Value Feature Remarks
electric field strength 0.046–0.27 µV/m (maximum) - in a car park in Ghana [1]
electric field strength 0.54 mV/m (maximum) - measured in Ghana on a commercial plaza [1]
electric field strength 0.1 V/m (maximum) - maximum measured value [2]
electric field strength 0.26 V/m (maximum) - measured inside an office during the day [3]
electric field strength 0.62 V/m (maximum) - maximum value out of 55 measuring sights in a suburban area [4]
electric field strength 1.17 V/m (maximum) - maximum value out of 77 measuring sights in an urban area [4]
electric field strength 1.44 V/m (maximum) - maximum value out of 311 measuring sites [4]
electric field strength 1.44 V/m (maximum) - maximum value out of 47 measuring sights in a residential area [4]
electric field strength 2–200 V/m (maximum) - at groundlevel with varying distance [5]
electric field strength 3.6 V/m (mean, measured) - field measurement at emission tower A with a FM-VHF 91 MHz signal of transmission tower B in 20 m distance. Measurement spot at the temporal working place of a maintenance worker. Rms-value averaged over 6 minutes. [6]
electric field strength 4 V/m (maximum) - public exposure at 1500 m from a 300 kW FM mast [7]
magnetic flux density 0.01 µT (maximum) - maximum value at a distance of 1 m [8]
magnetic flux density 1 µT (maximum) - at a distance of 30 cm [8]
magnetic flux density 16–56 µT (maximum) - at a distance of 3 cm [8]
power density 0.25 nW/m² (maximum) - maximum value out of 20 base stations in Ghana [1]
power density 0.133 µW/m² (maximum) - median value [9]
power density 1.1 µW/m² (measured) - in rural areas of Sweden [10]
power density 6.63–12.63 µW/m² (maximum) - mean values (dependent on measurement approach) from the 5th story up [2]
power density 0.01 mW/m² (maximum) - with additional phone call [11]
power density 13 µW/m² (measured) - in the capital of Sweden (Stockholm) [10]
power density 19.19 µW/m² (measured) - averaged over 130 measurement points in 2006 [12]
power density 31.86 µW/m² (measured) - averaged over 130 measurement points in 2009 [12]
power density 35.65 µW/m² (measured) - averaged over 213 measurement points in 2009 [12]
power density 40 µW/m² (maximum) - - [9]
power density 47 µW/m² (measured) - in urban areas of Sweden [10]
power density 50 W/m² (maximum) - as regards a dipole-panel antenna [13]
SAR 29.77 µW/kg (maximum) - max. value, whole-body SAR of 1-year-old child [3]
power 0–0.1 kW (maximum) - concern 150 out of 350 measuring sights [7]
power 10–50 kW (maximum) - input power of a single antenna [13]
within a building
Measurand Value Feature Remarks
electric field strength 0.097 V/m (mean, measured) - mean exposure of 40 different locations within various buildings in Greece; per location 11 measurements were performed: three in the center of the room at different heights (1.1 m, 1.5 m, 1.7 m), four in the corners of the room at a distance of 1 m from the center and a height of 1 m, three next to the window and one at the position of the maximum electric field. [14]
electric field strength 0.18 V/m (mean, measured) - averaged maximum value measured at 13 different locations within a building in a suburban area in Greece [14]
electric field strength 0.23 V/m (maximum, measured) - averaged maximum value measured at 27 different locations within a building in an urban area in Greece [14]
electric field strength 0.31 V/m (maximum, measured) - averaged maximum exposure of 40 different locations within various buildings in Greece; per location 11 measurements were performed: three in the center of the room at different heights (1.1 m, 1.5 m, 1.7 m), four in the corners of the room at a distance of 1 m from the center and a height of 1 m, three next to the window and one at the position of the maximum electric field. [14]

References

  1. Azah CK et al. (2013): Levels of electric field strength within the immediate vicinity of FM radio stations in Accra, Ghana
  2. Breckenkamp J et al. (2012): Residential characteristics and radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures from bedroom measurements in Germany
  3. Joseph W et al. (2010): Estimation of whole-body SAR from electromagnetic fields using personal exposure meters
  4. Joseph W et al. (2012): Assessment of RF exposures from emerging wireless communication technologies in different environments
  5. Mantiply ED et al. (1997): Summary of measured radiofrequency electric and magnetic fields (10 kHz to 30 GHz) in the general and work environment
  6. Lopresto V et al. (2015): A case-study to assess compliance with exposure limit values for workers exposed to multiple frequency electromagnetic sources
  7. Swerdlow AJ et al. (2012): Health Effects from Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields - RCE 20
  8. No authors listed (2019): [Radiation and radiation protection]
  9. Bornkessel C et al. (2007): [Determination of the public exposure due to electromagnetic fields of digital broadcast transmitters]
  10. Estenberg J et al. (2014): Extensive frequency selective measurements of radiofrequency fields in outdoor environments performed with a novel mobile monitoring system
  11. Frei P et al. (2010): Classification of personal exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) for epidemiological research: Evaluation of different exposure assessment methods
  12. Tomitsch J et al. (2012): Trends in residential exposure to electromagnetic fields from 2006 to 2009
  13. Jokela K et al. (1999): Occupational RF Exposures
  14. Markakis I et al. (2013): Radiofrequency exposure in Greek indoor environments