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Razor

Belongs to:
Hygiene & care
Synonyms:
Electric dry shaver
Description:

The electric razor is a handheld device and has a rotating or oscillating blade which is powered by a small DC motor. Razors are used to cut many hairs at the same length.

Frequency ranges:
  • 0 Hz
  • 50–60 Hz
Type of field:
electric and magnetic

Measurements (acc. to literature)

Measurand Value Feature Remarks
electric field strength 1.137 kV/m (maximum, measured) - at the surface of the device at 50 Hz [1]
current density 1.5–11 mA/m² (maximum, calculated) - maximum induced current density in a person [2]
current density 1.08 µA/cm² (measured) - at a distance of 2.5 cm to the head [3]
magnetic field strength 0.1–7 A/m (measured) - for different models (frequency: 100 Hz) [4]
magnetic field strength 1–150 A/m (maximum, measured) - for different models [4]
magnetic field strength 4 A/m (maximum, measured) - maximum value in the horizontal field component at a distance of 15 cm [4]
magnetic field strength 12 A/m (maximum, measured) - maximum value of the horizontal field component at a distance of 10 cm [4]
magnetic field strength 40 A/m (maximum, measured) - maximum value of the horizontal field component at a distance of 6 cm [4]
magnetic field strength 125 A/m (maximum) - interpolated maximum value of the horizontal field component at the surface [4]
magnetic flux density 6.6 nT (measured) - at a distance of 10 cm; measurement bandwidth: 150 kHz - 30 MHz [5]
magnetic flux density 9.8 nT (measured) - at a distance of 10 cm; measurement bandwidth: 10 - 150 kHz [5]
magnetic flux density 0.01–0.3 µT - at a distance of 1 m [6]
magnetic flux density 0.07–8.15 µT (maximum, measured) - out of 234 sample points; measurement bandwidth: 40 - 800 Hz [7]
magnetic flux density 0.08–9 µT (measured) - at a distance of 30 cm [8]
magnetic flux density 0.08–10 µT (measured) - at a distance of 30 cm [6]
magnetic flux density 0.35 µT (mean, measured) - during use [9]
magnetic flux density 0.4–60 µT (measured) - at a distance of 15 cm [2]
magnetic flux density 0.4 µT (maximum, measured) - at a distancce of 80 cm [10]
magnetic flux density 0.63 µT (mean, measured) - of 234 sample points; measurement bandwidth: 40 - 800 Hz [7]
magnetic flux density 0.85 µT (measured) - at a distance of 50 cm; measurement bandwidth: 40 - 800 Hz [11]
magnetic flux density 2 µT (mean, measured) - at a distance of 30 cm [12]
magnetic flux density 4.8 µT (measured) - for a rechargable shaver [13]
magnetic flux density 6.7 µT (measured) - for a rechargeable beard trimmer [13]
magnetic flux density 10 µT (measured) - for a battery-operated shaver [13]
magnetic flux density 10 µT (maximum, measured) - at a distance of 40 cm [10]
magnetic flux density 10 µT (mean, measured) - at a distance of 15 cm [12]
magnetic flux density 15 µT–1.5 mT (measured) - at a distance of 3 cm [14]
magnetic flux density 15 µT–5 mT (measured) - at a distance of 3 cm [6]
magnetic flux density 165 µT (measured) - at a distance of 5 cm; measurement bandwidth: 40 - 800 Hz [11]
magnetic flux density 500 µT (measured) - for an older model [13]
magnetic flux density 2 mT (maximum, measured) - at 10 cm distance to the device [10]

References

  1. Leitgeb N et al. (2008): Electric emissions from electrical appliances
  2. National Research Council (NRC) (1997): Possible health effects of exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields
  3. Cheng J et al. (1995): Magnetic field induced currents in a human head from use of portable appliances
  4. Tofani S et al. (1995): Spectral analysis of magnetic fields from domestic appliances and corresponding induced current densities in an anatomically based model of the human head
  5. Kurokawa Y et al. (2004): Evaluation of residential exposure to intermediate frequency magnetic fields
  6. Neitzke HP et al. (2006): [EMF manual - Electromagnetic fields: sources, risks, protection]
  7. Kim YS et al. (1997): Exposure of Workers to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields and Electric Appliances
  8. Hofmann L et al. (2012): [BMU study "Environmental Impacts of 380-Kv-Cables and HVDC-Cables" - Report of the Workgroup on Technology/Economy]
  9. Mezei G et al. (2001): Household appliance use and residential exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields
  10. Farag AS et al. (1998): Electromagnetic fields in the home
  11. Preece AW et al. (1997): Magnetic fields from domestic appliances in the UK
  12. Lacy-Hulbert A et al. (1998): Biological responses to electromagnetic fields
  13. Wilson BW et al. (1994): Magnetic-field flux density and spectral characteristics of motor-driven personal appliances
  14. No authors listed (2019): [Radiation and radiation protection]