Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2045 studies in total
  1. 764 studies
  2. 633 studies
  3. 511 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 329 studies
  6. 207 studies

Cell functions

329 studies in total
  1. 123 studies
  2. 101 studies
  3. 85 studies
  4. 67 studies

General cell functions 123 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Golfert F et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, astrocytes (from neonatal rat brain) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 100–200 µT
Morabito C et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, C2C12 cells (undifferentiated myoblasts and differentiated myotubes) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1 mT
Morabito C et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, PC-12 cells magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1 mT
Hwang YH et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, RBL-2H3 (rat basophilic leukemia cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1 mT
Zhang J et al. 2016 bacterium, <i>alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus</i> H1S-33 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1.5 mT
Nindl G et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, Jurkat cells (clone E6-1; T-lymphocyte hybridoma cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1.8 mT
Masoudian N et al. 2015 organelle/cell part, synaptosomes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–2 mT
Khadir R et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, neutrophils (from human venous blood) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.1–44 mT
Potenza L et al. 2012 intact cell/cell culture, truffle mycelium <i>Tuber borchii</i> magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC 0.1–300 mT
Ikeda K et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 100 µT–485 mT
Marchionni I et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture RF field, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 125 µT
Goodman EM et al. 1976 intact cell/cell culture, slime mold microplasmodia (<i>Physarum polycephalum</i>, line M<sub>3</sub>C VI) electric field, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Ali FM et al. 2003 animal, rat/albino, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Revoltella RP et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, Friend erythroleukemia cell line (line 3BM-78, clone H19 from line 5-86, line 707M, clone F4-1 from line F4-N) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Gao M et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, <i>Aspergillus niger</i> magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.2–1 mT
Petrini C et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.2–2 mT
Moghadam MK et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture, neuron units magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 207.2 µT
Blumenthal NC et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, rat tendon fibroblasts and rat bone marrow osteoprogenitor cells (Sprague-Dawley rat) magnetic field, static magnetic field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.25–0.5 mT
Lee YJ et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells derived from mice (C57/BL6 mice and Foxp3-GFP mice) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.3 mT
Denaro V et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.4 mT
Wu X et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, FL cells (human amniotic cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4 mT
He YL et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, granule cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4–1 mT
Percherancier Y et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, NIH3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.4–1 mT
Davies E et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, slime mold <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, low frequency, therapeutic/medical device 0.4–3 mT
Salerno S et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, human t-lymphocytes magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC 0.5 mT
Yamaguchi DT et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, ROS 17/2.8 (osteoblast-like cells) and MC3T3-E1 cells (mouse osteoblast-like cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device 0.6–1.25 mT
Kim SJ et al. 2017 intact cell/cell culture, mouse/macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency, co-exposure 0.8 mT
Rieti S et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Santini MT et al. 2006 small, proliferating MG-63 spheroids magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Jacobi-Elizondo JS et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, L5178Y-R cells (mouse lymphoma cell line), animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Eleuteri AM et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, Caco 2 cells (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 1 mT
Patruno A et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 1 mT
Frahm J et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, murine bone marrow-derived macrophages magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Di Campli E et al. 2010 bacterium, <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Iorio R et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, C2C12 cells (undifferentiated mouse myoblasts) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Reale M et al. 2014 intact cell/cell culture, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Fan W et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells (from SD rats) and mesenchymal stem cells (from mouse) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Consales C et al. 2018 intact cell/cell culture, human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) and mouse primary cortical neurons (PCN) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Liu Y et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, GC-2 cells (murine spermatocyte-derived cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–3 mT
Akan Z et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, bacterium, THP-1 cells (human monocytic leukemia cell line) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1–5 mT
Grandolfo M et al. 1991 intact cell/cell culture, myoblasts from chick embryos magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–10 mT
Jandova A et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, human leucocytes (from venous blood of healthy humans and cancer patients) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–10 mT
Jandova A et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, human T-lymphocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1–10 mT
Saito A et al. 2009 intact cell/cell culture, P19 cells (mouse embryonal carcinoma cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1–10 mT
Mizukawa Y et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, slime mold <i>Physarum polycephalum</i>, MC3T3-E1 cells (mouse osteoblast-like cell line) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF 1 mT–5 T
Simko M et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, macrophages (mouse) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1.5 mT
Ubeda A et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 CL8 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.6 mT
Schmitz C et al. 2004 animal, mouse/Han:NMRI, whole body magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.8 mT
Schimmelpfeng J 1997 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 2 mT
Schimmelpfeng J et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, SV40-swiss-3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast cell line) electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT