Study overviews

Please note that a publication can be assigned to several endpoints, i.e. the sum of publications from the individual thematic points and subpoints can be greater than the total sum of actual publications.

Experimental studies on magnetic power frequency fields (50/60 Hz)

2053 studies in total
  1. 765 studies
  2. 637 studies
  3. 517 studies
  4. 414 studies
  5. 330 studies
  6. 208 studies

Cells

517 studies in total
  1. 254 studies
  2. 127 studies
  3. 100 studies
  4. 90 studies
  5. 86 studies
  6. 69 studies
  7. 7 studies

Cell proliferation/growth 254 studies in total

Authors Year Exposed system Parameters Magnetic flux density/field strength
Ramstad S et al. 2000 bacterium, <i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Jabłońska J et al. 2022 bacterium, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency -
Fijalkowski K et al. 2015 bacterium, <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus mutans, Cronobacter sakazaki, Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus xylosus</i> magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 25–34 mT
Woroszyło M et al. 2021 bacterium, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure 8.1–8.5 mT
Zhang J et al. 2016 bacterium, <i>alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus</i> H1S-33 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1.5 mT
Wu J et al. 2021 bacterium, composting material including bacteria magnetic field, 50/60 Hz -
Inhan-Garip A et al. 2011 bacterium, gram-positive bacteria: <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>; gram-negative bacteria: <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 0.5 mT
Fojt L et al. 2012 bacterium, sulfate reducing bacteria (<i>Desulfovibrio</i> and <i>Desulfotomaculum</i> in ratio 2:1) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 10 mT
Heredia-Rojas JA et al. 2001 blood samples magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1–2 mT
Berg A et al. 2006 fungi, <i>Agrocybe</i> spec., <i>Inonotus</i> spec., <i>Microsporum cookei</i> spec., <i>Pleurotus</i> spec., <i>Sepedonium chalcipori</i>, <i>Trichoderma</i> spec. and <i>Trichophyton</i> spec. magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 1–10 mT
Ružič R et al. 1997 fungus, <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i> magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 10–100 µT
Denaro V et al. 2011 intact cell/cell culture low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.4 mT
Dong Y et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure -
Salek F et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF 2.5 mT
Wei M et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, 132-1N1 (human astrocytoma cell line) and normal rat cortical astrocytes magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.03–0.12 mT
Van Den Heuvel R et al. 2001 intact cell/cell culture, 3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts) and mouse bone marrow cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 80 µT
Loberg LI et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, <i>Ataxia telangiectasia</i> and normal human lymphoblastoid cell lines magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Amaroli A et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (amoeba) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Tirono M 2022 intact cell/cell culture, <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz -
Bajtoš M et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> BY4741 magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, geomagnetic field, co-exposure -
Rodríguez-de la Fuente AO et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> and <i> Giardia lamblia</i> (protozoans) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 2 mT
Kwee S et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, AMA cells (human epithelial amnion cells) and K14 cells (human skin fibroblasts) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 25–180 µT
An GZ et al. 2015 intact cell/cell culture, BALB/3T3 cells (embryonal mouse fibroblasts) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2.3 mT
Pica F et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, BCBL-1 (a latently infected primary effusion lymphoma-derived cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Marcantonio P et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, BE(2)C cells (human neuroblastoma cells) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 1 mT
Moya-Gómez A et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, BV2 cells (immortalized murine microglial cell line), SHSY5Y cells, (immortalized human neuroblastoma cell line), primary mouse microglia and neurons, animal, mongolian gerbils <i>(Meriones unguiculatus)</i> (stroke model) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field -
Ubeda A et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 CL8 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1.6 mT
Cain CD et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, C3H 10T1/2 and UV/TDT10e (10e) cells (mouse fibroblast cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 0.1 mT
Tekam CKS et al. 2023 intact cell/cell culture, C6 glial cells, animal, rat/Wistar 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, signals/pulses -
Lee YJ et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells derived from mice (C57/BL6 mice and Foxp3-GFP mice) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.3 mT
Brayman AA et al. 1988 intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 182 nT
Miyakoshi J et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 5 mT
Tian F et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary K1) cells (Ku80-proficient) und xrs5 cells (Ku80-defizient; radiation sensitive mutant isolated from CHO-K1 cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 5 mT
Reipert BM et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, FDCP-mix(A4) cell line (mouse bone marrow cells) magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 0.2–65 µT
Chen G et al. 2000 intact cell/cell culture, Friend erythroleukemia cell line magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 0.1–1 mT
Eremenko T et al. 1997 intact cell/cell culture, Friend erythroleukemia cell line (clone 745 A) magnetic field, geomagnetic field, 50/60 Hz, shielding/field deprivation 0.0025 nT–70 µT
Revoltella RP et al. 1993 intact cell/cell culture, Friend erythroleukemia cell line (line 3BM-78, clone H19 from line 5-86, line 707M, clone F4-1 from line F4-N) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 200 µT
Tsurita G et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, HBL-100 (human breast cancer cell line), HeLa cell line (human adenocarcinoma cell line) and MCF-7 cells (human breast cancer cell line) magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 34 mT
Colciago A et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, HEI-193 cells (human vestibular schwannoma cell line derived from a NF2 patient) 50/60 Hz, magnetic field 0.1 T
Cridland NA et al. 1996 intact cell/cell culture, HF-19 cells (normal human fibroblasts derived from fetal female lung) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line 20 µT–20 mT
Tao Q et al. 1999 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 100 µT
Tokalov SV et al. 2003 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 60 µT
Huang L et al. 2006 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) and SK-Hep-1 (hepatocellular carcinoma cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 20 mT
Yoshizawa H et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells), K-562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia), MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), A-375 (malignant melanoma), H4 (glioma) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz 2–500 µT
Wolf FI et al. 2005 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells); WI-38 (embryonic human lung fibroblasts); Rat-1 (rat fibroblasts) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 500 µT–1 mT
Schimmelpfeng J 1997 intact cell/cell culture, HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cells) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure 2 mT
Bajtoš M et al. 2024 intact cell/cell culture, HT-1080 (fibrosarcoma cells) static magnetic field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure -
Manni V et al. 2002 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes cell line) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 2 mT
Vianale G et al. 2008 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz 1 mT
Patruno A et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, HaCaT cells (human keratinocytes) magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, electrotherapy 1 mT