Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 142 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Lindauer GA et al. 1974 - - 9 GHz - continuous for 2 h microwaves, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave
Schwartz JL et al. 1985 - - 2.695 GHz 23 mW/g repeated daily exposure of 12 hrs/day for 20 days microwaves, PW pulsed wave
Pyle SD et al. 1975 - - 2.7 GHz - - microwaves, PW pulsed wave
Roux C et al. 1986 - - 434 MHz - 15 min. microwaves, co-exposure
Dietzel F et al. 1972 animal, partial body: abdomen intrauterine development (teratogenic effects and mortality) 27.12 MHz - continuous for approx. 10 min. (rectal temperatures of 42°C) at different days of early pregnancy microwaves, microw. oven/heating device, therapeutic/medical device
Torres-Ruiz M et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 700–3,500 MHz - - mobile communications, 5G
Bodin R et al. 2023 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (pregnant) - 3,500 MHz - - mobile communications, 5G, RF, CW continuous wave
Shirai T et al. 2017 - - 800 MHz–5.2 GHz - - mobile communications, CDMA, RF, W-LAN/WiFi, co-exposure
Pawlak K et al. 2018 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Salameh M et al. 2023 - - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM