Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chazan B et al. | 1983 | animal, mouse/Swiss, whole body | embryonal, fetal, and postnatal development | 2.45 GHz | 4–18 mW/g | 2 h/day for 4 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Konermann G et al. | 1986 | animal, mouse/albino | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, DC, MRI |
Dietzel F et al. | 1972 | animal, partial body: abdomen | intrauterine development (teratogenic effects and mortality) | 27.12 MHz | - | continuous for approx. 10 min. (rectal temperatures of 42°C) at different days of early pregnancy | microwaves, microw. oven/heating device, therapeutic/medical device |
Tomruk A et al. | 2022 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand White | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, mobile phone |
Sabban IF et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/ Wistar | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Takahashi S et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Crl:CD(SD), whole body | effects on rat dams and their offspring (teratogenicity and embryo toxicity) | 2.14 GHz | 0.04–0.16 W/kg | continuous for 20 hr/day from day 7 of gestation until weaning of F1 rats | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, CDMA, mobile communications |
Bodin R et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (pregnant) | - | 3,500 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, 5G, RF field, CW continuous wave |
Jiang ML et al. | 2003 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> | - | - | - | - | MRI |
Balik MS et al. | 2019 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryos and newborns) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, microwaves |
Ogawa K et al. | 2009 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD IGS, partial body: head | embryogenesis | 1.95 GHz | 0.11–7 W/kg | 90 min/day from day 7 to day 17 of gestation | mobile phone, CDMA, mobile communications |
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