Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 144 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Torres-Ruiz M et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 700–3,500 MHz - - mobile communications, 5G
Seify M et al. 2024 animal, mouse/NMRI (embryo) - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Karadayi A et al. 2024 - - - - - CW continuous wave, W-LAN/WiFi, microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Khira R et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G
Wu X et al. 2025 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, RF
Bodin R et al. 2024 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (pregnant) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF, CW continuous wave
Popovicova A et al. 2024 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Karamazi Y et al. 2025 animal, rat/Wistar albino (embryo) - 6 GHz - - microwaves
Tombarkiewicz B et al. 2024 animal, carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) embryos - 0 Hz–1,800 MHz - - RF, geomagnetic field, shielding/field deprivation, also other exposures without EMF
Tsybulin O et al. 2013 animal, Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> number of somites in the embryos 890–915 Hz 3 µW/kg intermittent for 38 h: 48 sec "on" (speech mode), 12 sec "off" mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications