Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 142 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Prasad N et al. 1990 animal, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - 1 hr RF, static magnetic field, MRI
Chernovetz ME et al. 1975 - - 2.45 GHz 38 W/kg 10 min on the 11th, 12th, 13th or 14th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Berman E et al. 1984 - - 2.45 GHz 16.5 mW/g 100 min./day microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Berman E et al. 1982 - - 2.45 GHz 6–9 mW/g 100 min./day from 6th till 14th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Berman E et al. 1981 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body fetus abnormalities 2.45 GHz 4.2 mW/g 100 min/day for 6th to 15th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave
Berman E et al. 1982 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body fetus abnormalities 2.45 GHz 16.5 mW/g 100 min/day from 6th-17th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Roux C et al. 1986 - - 434 MHz - 15 min. microwaves, co-exposure
Chazan B et al. 1983 animal, mouse/Swiss, whole body embryonal, fetal, and postnatal development 2.45 GHz 4–18 mW/g 2 h/day for 4 days microwaves, CW continuous wave
Amer FI et al. 2013 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body: <i>in utero</i> malformation, histopathological changes in the retina 950 MHz 1–1.6 W/kg 2 h/day for 8 consecutive days from day 7 to 14 of gestation RF, microwaves
Marcickiewicz J et al. 1986 - - 2.45 GHz 4–16 W/kg 2 h/day on days 1-18 of gestation. microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz