Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 142 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Kay HH et al. 1988 animal, embryos of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (African clawed frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 64 MHz - - MRI
Keleş Aİ 2020 - - 900 MHz - - RF
Keleş Aİ et al. 2021 - - 900 MHz - - RF
Khayat S et al. 2023 animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF
Khira R et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G
Klug S et al. 1997 rat embryo culture teratogenicity 150 MHz 0.2–5 W/kg continuous for 36 h digital mobile phone, mobile communications, RF
Koldayev VM et al. 1997 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</i>), whole body embryogenesis 450 MHz - continuous for 5-20 min RF
Konermann G et al. 1986 animal, mouse/albino - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Lary JM et al. 1982 - - 27.12 MHz - gestation day 1,3,5,7,9,11,13 or 15 RF, CW continuous wave
Lary JM et al. 1983 - - 100 MHz 0.4 W/kg 6 h 40 min /day - on gestation days 6 - 11 (total 40h) low level microwaves, CW continuous wave