Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Keleş Aİ et al. | 2021 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | RF field |
Khayat S et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field |
Khira R et al. | 2024 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G |
Klug S et al. | 1997 | rat embryo culture | teratogenicity | 150 MHz | 0.2–5 W/kg | continuous for 36 h | digital mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field |
Koldayev VM et al. | 1997 | invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</i>), whole body | embryogenesis | 450 MHz | - | continuous for 5-20 min | RF field |
Konermann G et al. | 1986 | animal, mouse/albino | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, DC, MRI |
Lary JM et al. | 1982 | - | - | 27.12 MHz | - | gestation day 1,3,5,7,9,11,13 or 15 | RF field, CW continuous wave |
Lary JM et al. | 1983 | - | - | 100 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | 6 h 40 min /day - on gestation days 6 - 11 (total 40h) | low level microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Lee HJ et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/ICR, whole body | teratogenicity (mortality, growth retardation, head size, morphological malformations) | 848.5 MHz | 2–7.13 W/kg | continuous 2 times 45 min/day, separated by 15 min, throughout gestation (17 days) | mobile phone, CDMA, mobile communications, RF field |
Lieb RJ et al. | 1980 | - | - | 27.12 MHz | - | continuous for 20 min | therapeutic/medical device |
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