Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 144 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Xenos TD et al. 2003 animal, mouse/Bulb/c/f; Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix Japonica</i>); chicken eggs of the strain KOBB; rat, whole body development during prenatal exposure 95 MHz 189 µW/kg–5.655 mW/kg continuous for 6 months RF, microwaves, UHF fields, Radio/TV transmitter, TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW)
Lyaginskaja AM et al. 2010 - - - - - RF, source not given
Yip YP et al. 1994 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 15–200 Hz - continuous for 6 h RF, static magnetic field, MRI
Tyndall DA et al. 1991 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - 64 MHz - continuous for 36 min. on gestational day 7 RF, static magnetic field, MRI
Prasad N et al. 1990 animal, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - 1 hr RF, static magnetic field, MRI
Behr KP et al. 1991 animal, chicken embryos, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - - - - RF, static magnetic field, MRI
Heinrichs WL et al. 1988 animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body - 15–400 Hz - continuous for 16 h RF, static magnetic field, MRI, also other exposures without EMF
Tyndall DA 1990 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J, whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - RF, static magnetic field, MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Song X et al. 2023 - - 2.52 THz - - TeraHz
Dietzel F 1975 - - 27.12 MHz - 5 min UHF fields, microwaves