Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. 316 studies
  2. 305 studies
  3. 119 studies
  4. 52 studies
  5. 48 studies
  6. 15 studies
  7. 11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. 160 studies
  2. 142 studies
  3. 37 studies
  4. 2 studies
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Andrašková S et al. 2022 - - - - - microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Bektas H et al. 2021 human - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Keleş Aİ et al. 2021 - - 900 MHz - - RF
Keleş Aİ 2020 - - 900 MHz - - RF
Haghani M et al. 2020 animal, rat/Wistar - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, RF, PW pulsed wave
Dasgupta S et al. 2020 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 3.5 GHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G, 5G, LTE
Balik MS et al. 2019 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryos and newborns) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, microwaves
Sahmelikoglu AG et al. 2019 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, shielding/field deprivation
Amandokht Saghezchi S et al. 2019 - - 2.4 GHz - - RF
Sabban IF et al. 2018 animal, rat/ Wistar - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone