Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pyle SD et al. | 1975 | - | - | 2.7 GHz | - | - | microwaves, PW pulsed wave |
| Dasgupta S et al. | 2020 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | 3.5 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G, 5G, LTE |
| Bodin R et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (pregnant) | - | 3,500 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, 5G, RF, CW continuous wave |
| Jensh RP | 1984 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | teratogenicity | 6 GHz | 7.28 W/kg | continuous through pregnancy (21 days) | microwaves |
| Jensh RP | 1984 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | postnatal psychophysiologic growth and development | 6 GHz | - | continuous for 21 days during Gestation | low level microwaves |
| Lindauer GA et al. | 1974 | - | - | 9 GHz | - | continuous for 2 h | microwaves, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave |
| Liu LM et al. | 1975 | - | - | 9 GHz | - | continuous for 2 h | - |
| Pyrpasopoulou A et al. | 2004 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | expression and localization of bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors | 9.4 GHz | 500 nW/g | continuous during days 1-3 postcoitum | GSM, mobile communications, microwaves |
| Carpenter RL et al. | 1971 | - | - | 10 GHz | - | continuous for 20 min | RF, CW continuous wave, microwaves |
| Sahingöz Yildirim AG et al. | 2022 | - | - | 10.715 GHz | - | - | microwaves |
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