Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dasgupta S et al. | 2020 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | 3.5 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G, 5G, LTE |
| Vagula M et al. | 2013 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
| Liu C et al. | 2023 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, MRI |
| Pecoraro R et al. | 2023 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | 27 GHz | - | - | 5G, mobile communications |
| Torres-Ruiz M et al. | 2024 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | 700–3,500 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, 5G |
| Khira R et al. | 2024 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G |
| Wu X et al. | 2025 | animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, RF |
| Pais-Roldan P et al. | 2016 | animal, zebrafish embryos and larvae | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, MRI |
| Bektas H et al. | 2021 | human | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM |
| Wang Y et al. | 2016 | human, whole body | - | - | - | - | MRI |
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