Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

876 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    309 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    121 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 144 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Zhu C et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Zhang Y et al. 2014 animal, rat/Wistar (pregnant females and fetuses) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Jensh RP 1984 animal, rat/Wistar albino teratogenicity 6 GHz 7.28 W/kg continuous through pregnancy (21 days) microwaves
Karamazi Y et al. 2025 animal, rat/Wistar albino (embryo) - 6 GHz - - microwaves
Jensh RP et al. 1983 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body teratogenicity 2.45 GHz 3.6–5.2 W/kg 6 h/day during the whole pregnancy microwaves
Jensh RP et al. 1983 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body postnatal growth and psychophysiologic development/teratogenicity 2.45 GHz - continuous, 6 h/day through gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Jensh RP et al. 1982 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body growth and development of the rat fetus/teratogenicity 915 MHz 3.57 W/kg 6 h/day from day 1 to day 21 of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave
Jensh RP 1984 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body postnatal psychophysiologic growth and development 6 GHz - continuous for 21 days during Gestation low level microwaves
Jensh RP et al. 1982 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body neurological and neurobehavioral development/teratogenicity 915 MHz - repeated daily exposure, 6 h/day from day 1 to 21 of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave
Sahmelikoglu AG et al. 2019 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, shielding/field deprivation