Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 142 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Heinrichs WL et al. 1988 animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body - 15–400 Hz - continuous for 16 h RF, static magnetic field, MRI, also other exposures without EMF
Zimmermann B et al. 1987 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body - - - continuous for 18 days static magnetic field, MRI
Lindauer GA et al. 1974 - - 9 GHz - continuous for 2 h microwaves, CW continuous wave, PW pulsed wave
Liu LM et al. 1975 - - 9 GHz - continuous for 2 h -
Nelson BK et al. 1997 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley CD, whole body teratogenicity 10 MHz 0.8–7.9 W/kg continuous for 2, 4 or 6 h RF
Takahashi S et al. 2010 animal, rat/Crl:CD(SD), whole body effects on rat dams and their offspring (teratogenicity and embryo toxicity) 2.14 GHz 0.04–0.16 W/kg continuous for 20 hr/day from day 7 of gestation until weaning of F1 rats mobile phone, mobile phone base station, CDMA, mobile communications
Lieb RJ et al. 1980 - - 27.12 MHz - continuous for 20 min therapeutic/medical device
Carpenter RL et al. 1971 - - 10 GHz - continuous for 20 min RF, CW continuous wave, microwaves
Jensh RP 1984 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body postnatal psychophysiologic growth and development 6 GHz - continuous for 21 days during Gestation low level microwaves
Ruggiero M et al. 2004 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - - - continuous for 3 h static magnetic field, MRI