Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

856 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    314 studies
  2. Other
    302 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    118 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

314 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    157 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    137 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    40 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 137 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Pyrpasopoulou A et al. 2004 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body expression and localization of bone morphogenetic proteins and their receptors 9.4 GHz 500 nW/g continuous during days 1-3 postcoitum GSM, mobile communications, microwaves
Rofsky NM et al. 1994 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body - - - - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Roux C et al. 1986 - - 434 MHz - 15 min. microwaves, co-exposure
Sabban IF et al. 2018 animal, rat/ Wistar - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Sahingöz Yildirim AG et al. 2022 - - 10.715 GHz - - microwaves
Sahmelikoglu AG et al. 2019 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, shielding/field deprivation
Saito K et al. 1991 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body lethal and teratogenic effects 428 MHz 3.1–47.1 mW/kg continuous during incubation for more than 20 days RF field
Saito K et al. 1995 - - 428 MHz - - RF field, CW continuous wave
Salameh M et al. 2023 - - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Schmidt RE et al. 1984 - - 2.45 GHz 400 µW/g continuous, from day 2-day18 of gestation low level microwaves