Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. 319 studies
  2. 312 studies
  3. 122 studies
  4. 54 studies
  5. 48 studies
  6. 16 studies
  7. 11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. 162 studies
  2. 144 studies
  3. 37 studies
  4. 2 studies
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Salameh M et al. 2023 - - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Bodin R et al. 2023 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (pregnant) - 3,500 MHz - - mobile communications, 5G, RF, CW continuous wave
Song X et al. 2023 - - 2.52 THz - - TeraHz
Islam MS et al. 2023 animal, chicken eggs (Indian River) - 2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G
Wu H et al. 2023 - - - - - W-LAN/WiFi, RF, 2.45 GHz
DastAmooz S et al. 2023 - - 2.4 GHz - - W-LAN/WiFi
Pecoraro R et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 27 GHz - - 5G, mobile communications
Augustianath T et al. 2023 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 900–1,800 MHz - - 4G, GSM, mobile communications, mobile phone
Liu C et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Sahingöz Yildirim AG et al. 2022 - - 10.715 GHz - - microwaves