Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

882 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    312 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 144 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Tofani S et al. 1986 - - 27.12 MHz - continuous -
Liu LM et al. 1975 - - 9 GHz - continuous for 2 h -
Kaplan J et al. 1982 - - 2.45 GHz 0.034–3.4 W/kg repeated daily exposure, 3 h/day, 5 days/week, for 6 months 2.45 GHz
Popovicova A et al. 2024 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Fisher PD et al. 1979 - - 2.45 GHz - continuous; for 4 days 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave, low level microwaves
Augustianath T et al. 2023 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 900–1,800 MHz - - 4G, GSM, mobile communications, mobile phone
Pafkova H et al. 1994 animal, chicken (embryo), whole body - 50 Hz - see remark* 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device
Pecoraro R et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 27 GHz - - 5G, mobile communications
Karadayi A et al. 2024 - - - - - CW continuous wave, W-LAN/WiFi, microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Gagnon ZE et al. 2003 animal, mouse/Swiss Webster, whole body embryo development 0 Hz–25 MHz - exposure started on the 18th day of pregnancy; one week later, offspring was born and maintained together with their mothers for 21 days. After that, only the mothers were left to continue for another 4 weeks. EMF general