Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

852 studies in total
  1. 313 studies
  2. 301 studies
  3. 116 studies
  4. 52 studies
  5. 45 studies
  6. 15 studies
  7. 10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

313 studies in total
  1. 157 studies
  2. 137 studies
  3. 39 studies
  4. 2 studies
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Wu X et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, RF field
Khira R et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G
Karadayi A et al. 2024 - - - - - CW continuous wave, W-LAN/WiFi, microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Seify M et al. 2024 animal, mouse/NMRI (embryo) - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Torres-Ruiz M et al. 2024 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - 700–3,500 MHz - - mobile communications, 5G
Khayat S et al. 2023 animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field
Salameh M et al. 2023 - - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Bodin R et al. 2023 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (pregnant) - 3,500 MHz - - mobile communications, 5G, RF field, CW continuous wave
Song X et al. 2023 - - 2.52 THz - - TeraHz
Islam MS et al. 2023 animal, chicken eggs (Indian River) - 2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 4G