Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 160 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Levin M et al. 1995 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo) - 0–60 Hz - continuous magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC
Terol FF et al. 1995 animal, fertilized eggs of Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix japonica</i>), whole body - 50–100 Hz - continuous for 48 hrs magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Bessho K et al. 1995 invertebrate, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (nematode; different (transgenic) strains), whole body - 60 Hz - 3 min every 6h or 9h, to a total of 9 to 27 min 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Nguyen P et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, embryonic cells from <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), whole body - 60 Hz - 16 to 18 h 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Chiang H et al. 1995 - - 15.6 kHz - 4 h/day from 6th to 17th day of gestation magnetic field, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency
Svedenstal BM et al. 1995 animal, mouse/CBA/s, whole body fetal resorption 20 kHz - continuous for 5 1/2 or 7 days magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Rofsky NM et al. 1994 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body - - - - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Terol FF et al. 1994 - - 0 Hz–1 kHz - - -
Sienkiewicz ZJ et al. 1994 animal, mouse/CD-1 (embryo), whole body - 50 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Yip YP et al. 1994 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 15–200 Hz - continuous for 6 h RF, static magnetic field, MRI