Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Negishi T et al. | 2002 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) | - | 50 Hz | - | intermittent; 22h/day | 50/60 Hz, magnetic field |
Roda-Moreno JA et al. | 2003 | animal, chicken embryos, whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 15 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Severini M et al. | 2003 | animal, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body | - | 50 Hz–15.797 kHz | - | 12 h/day from day 3 untill metamorphosis | magnetic field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz |
Toman R et al. | 2002 | - | - | - | - | 20 min | magnetic field |
Kim SH et al. | 2004 | - | - | 20 kHz | - | repeated daily exposure, 8 h/d, from Day 2.5 to 15.5 of gestation. | magnetic field, intermediate frequency |
Chung MK et al. | 2004 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure, 21 h/day from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Saito K et al. | 2006 | animal, mouse/SS | - | - | - | continuous for 60 min on day 7.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, or 14.5 of pregnancy | static magnetic field |
Formicki K et al. | 1998 | - | - | - | - | continuous for 90 min | magnetic field |
Karja NW et al. | 2006 | - | - | - | - | - | electric field, signals/pulses |
Ravera S et al. | 2006 | - | - | 75 Hz | - | 150 min | low frequency, magnetic field |
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