Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

881 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    311 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Chew S et al. 2001 animal, CBA/C57 F1 mouse, whole body: in utero - - 3–7 µW/g continuous MRI
Negishi T et al. 2002 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) - 50 Hz - intermittent; 22h/day 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Roda-Moreno JA et al. 2003 animal, chicken embryos, whole body - 50 Hz - continuous for 15 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Severini M et al. 2003 animal, tadpoles of <i>Xenopus laevis</i>, whole body - 50 Hz–15.797 kHz - 12 h/day from day 3 untill metamorphosis magnetic field, intermediate frequency, 50/60 Hz
Toman R et al. 2002 - - - - 20 min magnetic field
Kim SH et al. 2004 - - 20 kHz - repeated daily exposure, 8 h/d, from Day 2.5 to 15.5 of gestation. magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Chung MK et al. 2004 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult), whole body - 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 21 h/day from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ruggiero M et al. 2004 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - - - continuous for 3 h static magnetic field, MRI
Saito K et al. 2006 animal, mouse/SS - - - continuous for 60 min on day 7.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, or 14.5 of pregnancy static magnetic field
Formicki K et al. 1998 - - - - continuous for 90 min magnetic field