Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Di Carlo AL et al. | 1999 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | 2 min to 2 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Michel A et al. | 1999 | invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous for 30 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, source not given |
Grefner NM et al. | 1998 | animal, tadpoles of <i>Rana temporaria</i> L., whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Formicki K et al. | 1998 | - | - | - | - | continuous for 90 min | magnetic field |
Huuskonen H et al. | 1998 | - | - | 20 kHz | - | continuous from gestation day 0 to 18. | magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, intermediate frequency |
DiCarlo AL et al. | 1998 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Huuskonen H et al. | 1998 | animal, mouse/CBA/Ca, whole body | embryonic and fetal development | 50 Hz | - | continuous, 24 hrs/day from day 0 to day 18 of gestation period. | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency |
Pagnac C et al. | 1998 | invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Sphaerechinus granularis</i> and <i>Paracentrotus lividus</i>) (embryo), whole body | - | 0 Hz | - | up to 150 min | 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, static magnetic field |
Dawson BV et al. | 1998 | - | - | 10.8 kHz | - | continuous 20 to 23.5 h/d, for 45 d to 58 d before mating | magnetic field, intermediate frequency |
Farrell JM et al. | 1998 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | 8, 15, 17, 20, 23, or 26 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
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