Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

881 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    311 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Bekhite MM et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, embryoid bodies made of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE), animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body embryonic development of mice 50 Hz - 8 hours/day for up to 20 days during gestation magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC
Farrell JM et al. 1998 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 8, 15, 17, 20, 23, or 26 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ryan BM et al. 1996 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - both daily intertmittent and continous exposure, 1 hr off 1 hr on, 18.5 hr/days, 7 days/week magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Sikov MR et al. 1984 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body - 60 Hz - continuous electric field, 50/60 Hz
Juutilainen J et al. 1987 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 50 Hz - continuous magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Piera V et al. 1992 - - - - continuous -
Levin M et al. 1995 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo) - 0–60 Hz - continuous magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, DC
Chew S et al. 2001 animal, CBA/C57 F1 mouse, whole body: in utero - - 3–7 µW/g continuous MRI
Dawson BV et al. 1998 - - 10.8 kHz - continuous 20 to 23.5 h/d, for 45 d to 58 d before mating magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Rommereim DN et al. 1996 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous 20h/day, for 20 d magnetic field, 50/60 Hz