Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

881 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    311 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

319 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    162 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 162 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Prasad N et al. 1990 animal, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 0 Hz - 1 hr RF, static magnetic field, MRI
Joshi MV et al. 1978 - - 0 Hz - 1 hr magnetic field
Ozil JP et al. 1986 - - - - - signals/pulses, electric current application
Koch WE et al. 1991 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 33–50 Hz - 10 times 10 ms, 6 times 1 ms, 26 times 20 ms or 5 times 30 ms magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Leal J et al. 1982 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs) - 100 Hz - continuous for 48 h magnetic field, geomagnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Skauli KS et al. 2000 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>), whole body - 50 Hz - from 2 h after fertilization until hatching or from 48 h after fertilization until hatching magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Tyndall DA 1990 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J, whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - RF, static magnetic field, MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Piera V et al. 1992 - - - - continuous -
Desta AB et al. 1999 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 15 h, 18 h, 23 h and 28 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Juutilainen JP 1986 - - 100 Hz - continuous, during incubation magnetic field, low frequency