Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ubeda A et al. | 1994 | - | - | 100 Hz | - | 48 hrs | magnetic field, low frequency |
Farrell JM et al. | 1997 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | 48 hrs | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses |
Komazaki S et al. | 2007 | animal, japanese fire belly newt/<i>Cynops pyrrhogaster</i> (embryo), whole body | embryo development | 50 Hz | - | 5 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Juutilainen J et al. | 1986 | - | - | 1 Hz–100 kHz | - | 52 hrs | magnetic field, intermediate frequency |
Stuchly MA et al. | 1988 | - | - | 17.857 kHz | - | 7 h/day for 15 days before and 22 days after conception | magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency |
Gona AG et al. | 1993 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 60 Hz | - | 7-8 h/day for 23 days with 30 min/day interruption for nursing | electric field, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line |
Lee HJ et al. | 2009 | animal, mouse/ICR, whole body | mortality and morphological abnormalities, uterine contents | 20 kHz | - | 8 h/day from day 2.5 to day 15.5 of gestation | magnetic field, intermediate frequency, occupational |
Bekhite MM et al. | 2016 | intact cell/cell culture, embryoid bodies made of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE), animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body | embryonic development of mice | 50 Hz | - | 8 hours/day for up to 20 days during gestation | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC |
Farrell JM et al. | 1998 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | 8, 15, 17, 20, 23, or 26 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Ryan BM et al. | 1996 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | both daily intertmittent and continous exposure, 1 hr off 1 hr on, 18.5 hr/days, 7 days/week | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
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