Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

866 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    305 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    48 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    160 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    142 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    37 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 160 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Berman E et al. 1990 - - 100 Hz - 48 h magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses
Ubeda A et al. 1994 - - 100 Hz - 48 hrs magnetic field, low frequency
Farrell JM et al. 1997 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 48 hrs magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses
Komazaki S et al. 2007 animal, japanese fire belly newt/<i>Cynops pyrrhogaster</i> (embryo), whole body embryo development 50 Hz - 5 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Juutilainen J et al. 1986 - - 1 Hz–100 kHz - 52 hrs magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Stuchly MA et al. 1988 - - 17.857 kHz - 7 h/day for 15 days before and 22 days after conception magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency
Gona AG et al. 1993 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 60 Hz - 7-8 h/day for 23 days with 30 min/day interruption for nursing electric field, magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line
Lee HJ et al. 2009 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body mortality and morphological abnormalities, uterine contents 20 kHz - 8 h/day from day 2.5 to day 15.5 of gestation magnetic field, intermediate frequency, occupational
Bekhite MM et al. 2016 intact cell/cell culture, embryoid bodies made of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells (CCE), animal, mouse/BALB/c, whole body embryonic development of mice 50 Hz - 8 hours/day for up to 20 days during gestation magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC
Farrell JM et al. 1998 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 8, 15, 17, 20, 23, or 26 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz