Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Toman R et al. | 2002 | - | - | - | - | 20 min | magnetic field |
| Formicki K et al. | 1998 | - | - | - | - | continuous for 90 min | magnetic field |
| Lee W et al. | 2014 | - | - | 3.2 kHz | - | - | magnetic field |
| Farrell JM et al. | 1997 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 48 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| Farrell JM et al. | 1998 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | 8, 15, 17, 20, 23, or 26 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| Zimmerman S et al. | 1990 | invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 23 h, starting 4 min post fertilization | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| Pafkova H et al. | 1994 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs); rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day upto 8 days (total exposure of 70 hrs) | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| Bardasano JL et al. | 1986 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs) | - | 60 Hz | - | 4 to 5d | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| Rommereim DN et al. | 1996 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous 20h/day, for 20 d | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
| DiCarlo AL et al. | 1998 | animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body | - | 60 Hz | - | continuous for 20 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
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