Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

863 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    316 studies
  2. Other
    303 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    119 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    47 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

316 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    159 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    141 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 159 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
McGivern RF et al. 1990 - - 15 Hz - 15 min twice a days from day 15 till day 20 of gestation signals/pulses
Tyndall DA et al. 1991 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - 64 MHz - continuous for 36 min. on gestational day 7 RF, static magnetic field, MRI
Yu MC et al. 1993 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult) - 60 Hz - continuous, 23h/d for 18d to 40d 50/60 Hz
Portet R et al. 1988 animal, rat/Long-Evans and rabbit, whole body - 50 Hz - continuous for 8 h/day for 4 weeks electric field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Terol FF et al. 1994 - - 0 Hz–1 kHz - - -
Falugi C et al. 1987 - - 5 kHz - 2 to 4 hrs signals/pulses
Maffeo S et al. 1988 - - 100 Hz - - magnetic field, signals/pulses
Chacon L et al. 1990 - - 30 Hz - continuous for 48 hrs magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses
Michel A et al. 1999 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), whole body - 50 Hz - continuous for 30 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure, source not given
Di Carlo AL et al. 1999 animal, chicken embryos (eggs), whole body - 60 Hz - 2 min to 2 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz